31th ISTA Congress Poster - Improve the Seed Vigor of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) by Ultrasonic & Dehydration Treatment.pdf - 農業知識入口網

Improve the Seed Vigor of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
by Ultrasonic & Dehydration Treatment
Yu-Mei Huang1, I-Cheng Chen1, Wen-Ju Yang2 and Tso-Chi Yang1
1 Taiwan Seed and Seedling Improvement and Propagation Station (TSIPS), C. O. A.
2 Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University
Introduction The 200X microscopic thin section of bitter gourd
‘Moon Shine’ seed coat shows ultrasonic treated seeds
Bitter gourd is an important warm-season crop in Asia. In
with looser cell structure and larger intercellular space in
sub-tropical region, spring season cropping is practiced in
seed coat section compared with untreated seeds (Fig. 2).
order to avoid the disease and pest caused by the high
temperature and humidity during summer season and to
obtain better profits. The main obstacle of spring crop bitter
gourd is poor germination rate due to seed dormancy by
hard seed coat and sub-optimal germination temperature
(20-25 °C). In this study, ultrasonic treatment is tested to
replace the mechanical scarification for physical dormancy
Figure 2. Comparison of micro-section of bitter gourd ‘Moon Shine’
breaking and discuss the seed vigor after dehydration and
seed surface on control (A) and after treated at 60℃ by ultrasound
for 10 min (B)
storage in order to facilitate transportation & storage and
Dehydration treatment reduced the seed moisture
improve the seed value.
content and is beneficial for short-term storage. The result
Material and Methods
shows the ultrasonic treatment promoted the bitter gourd
Ultrasonic Treatment Bitter gourd ‘Moon Shine’ seeds
‘Pai Pi’ seeds germination rate at sub-optimal germination
are treated with 10, 20,30 and 60 minutes ultrasonic
temperature and could be maintained after dehydration
treatment at 50, 55 and 60 °C then proceeded the
treatment (Table 1).
germination test at 30 °C by sand (S).
Table 1. Effect of dehydration temperatures on germination
Dehydration Treatment Bitter gourd ‘Pai Pi’ seeds
percentage of bitter gourd ‘Pai Pi’ seeds after ultrasound treatment.
dehydrated at 20, 25 and 30 °C for 26 hours after 60 °C /10
Germination (%)
minutes ultrasonic treatment to approximately 7% seed Dehydration
25 °C 30 °C 35 °C
LSD
moisture content then proceeded the germination test at 0.05
CK 32 40 74 12.97
20, 25 and30 °C by sand (S).
Without - -
80 83 72
Storage We stored treated bitter gourd ‘Pai Pi’ seeds at
dehydration
20℃ 83 78 74 - -
room temperature for 6 months and test the gerination rate
- -
25℃ 85 83 74
per month.
13.86
30℃ 87 77 69
Result and Discussion
LSD 18.12 11.17 - -
0.05
Ultrasonic treated bitter gourd ‘Moon Shine’ seeds
shows significant higher germination rate than control (Fig.
The treatment is effective after short-term storage. The
1). The highest germination rate is found in 55 °C /20
ultrasonic/dehydration treated bitter gourd seeds shows
minutes treatment indicating that higher temperature (55-
higher germination rate compared with untreated ones
60 °C) and shorter duration (10-20 minutes) is proper
during six months storage at 20 and 25 °C (Figure 3).
treatment condition.
100 100
(A) (B)
100
80 80
) )
% %
( (

e e
g g
a a
t t
n 60 n 60
80
e e
) c c
r r
%
e e
P P
20℃

( n n
o o 25℃
e i 40 i 40
t t 30℃
a a
)g n n
CK
%a mi mi
t r r
(n 60 e 20℃ e
G G
n e 20 25℃ 20
c
30℃
or
e CK
i
tP
a

0 0
nn
io 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
m 40
i 常溫
Room Temperature
t
a Time of Storage (Month) Time of Storage (Month)
r
en 5500 ℃。C
Gi Figure 3. Effect of storage temperature on germination percentage at
m
55℃
55 。C
r
e 60℃ (A) 20 and (B) 25 °C of ultrasound & dehydration treated bitter gourd
60 。C
G
20
CK
CK
‘Pai Pi’ seeds.
刻傷
Scarification
刻傷+浸種
Scarification + Soaking
corresponding author: Yu-Mei Huang
0
e-mail: ymhuang@tss.gov.tw
0 10 20 30 60
Ultrasonic Treatment Duration (minute)
tel: +886-4-25825488
Time of Ultrasound Treatment
Figure 1. Effect of ultrasonic treatments on germination percentage of
fax: +886-4-25825439
bitter gourd seeds.